Electric stunning renders the animal instantly unconscious by passing an electic current through the animal's brain. When it is done properly, the animal does not feel pain.
Grandin, T. 2019. Recommmended animal handling guidelines and audit guide. North American Meat Institute.
Grandin, T. 2013. Making slaugher houses more humane for cattle, pigs, and sheep. Annual Review of Animal Science. 1:491-512. (See research section in www.grandin.com).
Animal Welfare and Humane Slaughter
Electric Stunning of Pigs and Sheep
Preventing Bloodsplash (Bloodspots)
Grandin, T. 1994. Methods to reduce PSE and bloodsplash. Allen D. Leman Swine Conference Volume 21 (1994), pages 206-209. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota.
Grandin, T. 1985/86 (with 1997 updates). Cardiac arrest stunning of livestock and poultry. Advances in Animal Welfare Science. M.W. Fox and L.D. Mickley (Editors) Martinus Nijhoff Publisher
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